First Trimester

The first trimester lasts approximately until the 12-13th week of pregnancy.

The first compulsory genetic ultrasound examination usually takes place towards the end of the trimester, around the 12-13th week. By this time, the baby's abdominal organs, skull, limbs, and heart are clearly visible. The nasal bone and nuchal fold are thoroughly examined, providing information about the possibility of Down syndrome.

It is also recommended to have the first dental examination during this period. Throughout pregnancy, a dental examination is mandatory, but it is recommended to have one in each trimester. The reasons behind this are that dental problems can occur during pregnancy, and oral infections increase the risk of preterm birth.

The first laboratory test is usually performed around the 8th week.

Second Trimester

The second trimester lasts approximately until the 26-28th week of pregnancy. The second genetic ultrasound examination is usually conducted between the 18th and 22nd weeks. During this examination, the baby's cardiac activity, cranial structure, and visceral organ functions are thoroughly examined. At this stage, the baby's gender can usually be determined with almost complete certainty.

The glucose tolerance test is performed between the 24th and 28th weeks. Upon arrival, a blood sample is taken, followed by the consumption of a highly sweetened liquid within a short period of time. After one hour of waiting, the second blood sample is taken, followed by another two hours of waiting before the third sample is collected. During this time, eating is not allowed, and physical activity should be avoided. The results of this test indicate how the mother's body processes glucose and whether there is a risk of gestational diabetes.

A complete blood count and urine analysis are ideally performed concurrently with the glucose tolerance test.

Third Trimester

The third trimester extends until delivery. Preterm birth refers to delivery before 37 weeks, while post-term pregnancy refers to a gestational age of over 42 weeks.

The third genetic ultrasound examination takes place between the 30th and 32nd weeks. At this time, the baby's weight is estimated, and the intrauterine position is checked. Ideally, the baby has already turned head-down toward the birth canal at this stage.

During the last month of pregnancy, weekly cardiotocography (CTG) examinations are required. The fetal heart rate and uterine activity are monitored during these appointments. This examination is also performed during labor and delivery.

The last blood and urine samples are collected around the 36-37th week of pregnancy.